Blood Pressure Medication For Cancer Treatment

What are the common types of high blood pressure (hypertension) medications?

There are a number of types and classes of drugs available for the management and treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension). Your doctor or other health care professional will prescribe a drug that fits your specific needs based on your medical condition, and any other existing health problems you may have, for example, kidney disease, heart disease, or diabetes. Your doctor also may recommend other therapies and lifestyle changes like getting more exercise, managing stress, and eating a healthy diet.

This information will provide a list of high blood pressure medication generic and brand names, their uses (treatment, management, or prevention of health problems, how they work (mechanism of action), and common side effects.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are blood pressure medications that inhibit the activity of the enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which is important for controlling blood pressure.

Angiotensin II is a very potent chemical formed in the blood by ACE from, angiotensin I. When formed, angiotensin II causes the muscles surrounding blood vessels to contract, thus narrowing the vessels and increasing blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are medications that inhibit the activity of ACE which decreases the production of angiotensin II. As a result, these medications cause the blood vessels to enlarge or dilate, and this reduces blood pressure. This lower blood pressure makes it easier for the heart to pump blood and can improve the function of a failing heart. In addition, the progression of kidney disease due to high blood pressure or diabetes is slowed.

Common side effects of this ACE inhibitors

• Cough
• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Increased blood potassium levels

This list is not does not include all side effects or adverse events for ACE inhibitors.

This class of medicine also are used for other health conditions, for example:

• Prevention and treatment of diabetes and kidney disease
• Heart failure

Examples of generic and brand names available for ACE inhibitors

• enalapril (Vasotec)
• captopril (Capoten)
• lisinopril (Zestril and Prinivil)
• benazepril (Lotensin)
• quinapril (Accupril)
• perindopril (Aceon)
• ramipril (Altace)
• trandolapril (Mavik)
• fosinopril (Monopril)
• moexipril (Univasc)

QUESTION

Salt and sodium are the same. See Answer

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are medications used to treat elevated blood pressure, or hypertension. These medications that block the action of angiotensin II by preventing angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors on the muscles surrounding blood vessels. As a result, blood vessels enlarge (dilate), and blood pressure is reduced. Reduced blood pressure makes it easier for the heart to pump blood and can improve heart failure. In addition, the progression of kidney disease due to high blood pressure or diabetes is slowed. ARBs have effects similar to ACE inhibitors, but ACE inhibitors act by preventing the formation of angiotensin II rather than by blocking the binding of angiotensin II to muscles on blood vessels.

Common side effects of ARBs

• Cough
• Low blood pressure (Hypotension)
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Increased blood potassium levels
• Indigestion
• Diarrhea

This list is not does not include all side effects or adverse events for ARBs.

This class of medicine also are used for other health conditions, for example:

• Prevention and treatment of diabetes kidney disease
• Heart failure

Examples of generic and brand names available for ARBs

• losartan (Cozaar)
• irbesartan (Avapro)
• valsartan (Diovan)
• candesartan (Atacand)
• olmesartan (Benicar)
• telmisartan (Micardis)
• eprosartan (Teveten)
• azilsartan (Edarbi)

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Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)

Calcium is needed by all muscle cells, including those of the heart and muscles and surrounding arteries, in order for the cells to contract. CCBs inhibit the movement of calcium into muscle cells. The reduction in calcium reduces the force of the heart's muscular pumping action (cardiac contraction) and thereby reduces blood pressure. These medications also relax the muscle cells surrounding the arteries to further reduce blood pressure. Three major types of calcium channel blockers are available. One type is the dihydropyridines, which do not slow the heart rate or cause other abnormal heart rates or rhythms (cardiac arrhythmias). They are commonly used for treating high blood pressure and are very effective in reducing blood pressure in African Americans.

Common side effects of CCBs

• Water retention in the arm and legs (peripheral edema)
• Constipation
• Shortness of breath
• Rash
• Headache

This list is not does not include all side effects or adverse events for CCBs.

This class of medicine also are used for other health conditions, for example:

• Migraine headache prevention
• Chest pain (angina)
• Abnormal heart beats
• Essential tremor
• Pheochromocytoma
• Hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
• Portal hypertension

Examples of brand and generic names available for CCBs

• amlodipine (Norvasc)
• amlodipine and atorvastatin (Caduet)
• amlodipine and benazepril (Lotrel)
• amlodipine and valsartan (Exforge)
• amlodipine and telmisartan (Twynsta)
• amlodipine and olmesartan (Azor)
• amlodipine and olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (Tribenzor)
• amlodipine and aliskiren (Tekamlo has been discontinued in the US)
• amlodipine and aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide (Amturnide has been discontinued in the US)
• amlodipine and perindopril (Prestalia)
• clevidipine (Cleviprex)
• diltiazem (Cardizem)
• felodipine (Plendil has been discontinued in the US)
• isradipine (Dynacirc has been discontinued in the US)
• nifedipine (Procardia, Procardia XL, Adalat CC, Afeditab)
• nicardipine (Cardene, Cardene SR)
• nimodipine (Nimotop has been discontinued in the US)
• nisoldipine (Sular)
• verapamil (Calan)

The other two types of CCBs are referred to as the non-dihydropyridine agents. One type is verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) and the other is diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac, Dilacor, and Diltia).

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Diuretics

Diuretics are among the oldest known medications for treating high blood pressure. They work in the tiny tubes (tubules) of the kidneys to promote the removal of salt from the body. Water (fluid) also is removed along with the salt; however, the exact mechanism whereby diuretics lower blood pressure is not clearly known. The leading theory is that they directly cause the muscles surrounding blood vessels to relax. Diuretics may be used alone for high blood pressure. More frequently, however, low doses of diuretics are used in combination with other medications for high blood pressure to enhance the effect of the other medications.

Common side effects of diruetics

• Dehydration
• Low blood potassium
• Low blood pressure
• Fatigue
• Increased blood glucose
• Increased level of uric acid

This list is not does not include all side effects or adverse events for diuretics.

This class of medicine also are used for other health conditions, for example:

• Congestive heart failure
• Peripheral edema
• Pulmonary edema
• High potassium blood levels

Most commonly used diuretics to treat hypertension

• hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
• chlorthalidone
• The loop diuretics furosemide (Lasix), bumetanide (Bumex), and torsemide (Demadex)
• The combination of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide)
• metolazone (Zaroxolyn)

The thiazide drugs are related to sulfa drugs. For those individuals who are allergic to sulfa drugs, ethacrynic acid, a loop diuretic, is a good option. Diuretics probably should not be used in pregnant women.

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Alpha-blockers

Muscles surrounding blood vessels have alpha receptors. Stimulation of alpha receptors, like stimulation of beta receptors, cause the muscles surrounding the arteries to contract and narrow the arteries. By blocking the alpha receptor, alpha-blockers relax the muscles and lower blood pressure.

Common side effects of alpha blockers

• Low blood pressure
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Weakness

Examples of generic and brand names available for alpha blockers

• terazosin (Hytrin - brand name discontinued in the US)
• doxazosin (Cardura)

This list is not does not include all side effects or adverse events for alpha blockers.

Alpha blockers also are used for treating a health problem called benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

Alpha-beta blockers

Alpha-beta blockers work the same way as alpha-blockers but also slow the heartbeat as beta-blockers do. As a result, less blood is pumped through the vessels, vessels dilate and blood pressure is lowered.

Common side effects of alpha blockers

• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Slow heart rate
• Shortness of breath
• Weight gain
• Low blood pressure

This list is not does not include all side effects or adverse events for these medications.

This class of medicine also are used for other health conditions, for example:

• Heart failure
• Heart attack prevention

Examples of brand and generic names available for alpha blockers

• carvedilol (Coreg), and
• labetalol (Trandate). Normodyne is discontinued brand in the US.

Clonidine

Clonidine (Catapres, Catpres-TTS) is an inhibitor of the nervous system in the brain. These inhibitors of the nervous system act by binding to receptors on nerves in the brain to reduce the transmission of messages from the nerves in the brain to nerves in other areas of the body. By inhibiting transmission to nerves outside of the brain that innervate muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, heart rate and blood pressure are reduced.

Common side effects

• Low blood pressure
• Drowsiness
• Headache
• Withdrawal symptoms

This list is not does not include all side effects or adverse events for Clonidine.

This class of medicine also are used for other health conditions, for example:

• Cancer pain
• Restless syndrome
• Tourette's syndrome
• Opioid withdrawal
• Postherpetic neuralgia
• Smoking cessation

Aliskiren (Tekturna)

The kidneys produce renin when they detect low blood pressure. Renin stimulates the production of angiotensin I, a protein which is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs. Angiotensin II is a powerful constrictor of blood vessels, and constricting blood vessels increases blood pressure. Angiotensin II also causes the secretion of an additional blood pressure elevating hormone in the adrenal glands called aldosterone, which helps the body retain sodium. Aliskiren blocks the effects of renin and angiotensin so that blood pressure does not increase.

Common side effects

• Diarrhea
• Increased blood levels of potassium
• Abnormal kidney function test results

Minoxidil

Minoxidil is a vasodilator. Vasodilators are muscle relaxants that work directly on the muscles surrounding the arteries throughout the body. The arteries then dilate and blood pressure is reduced.

Common side effects

• Edema
• Increased heart rate
• Weight gain
• Headache

This list is not does not include all side effects or adverse events for Minoxidil.

Other uses

• Male baldness (topical foam and solution)

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  High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

  High blood pressure (hypertension) is a disease in which pressure within the arteries of the body is elevated. About 75 million people in the US have hypertension (1 in 3 adults), and only half of them are able to manage it. Many people do not know that they have high blood pressure because it often has no has no warning signs or symptoms. Systolic and diastolic are the two readings in which blood pressure is measured. The American College of Cardiology released new guidelines for high blood pressure in 2017. The guidelines now state that blood normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. If either one of those numbers is higher, you have high blood pressure. The American Academy of Cardiology defines high blood pressure slightly differently. The AAC considers 130/80 mm Hg. or greater (either number) stage 1 hypertension. Stage 2 hypertension is considered 140/90 mm Hg. or greater. If you have high blood pressure you are at risk of developing life threatening diseases like stroke and heart attack.REFERENCE: CDC. High Blood Pressure. Updated: Nov 13, 2017.

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  Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)

  Low blood pressure, also referred to as hypotension, is blood pressure that is so low that it causes symptoms or signs due to the low flow of blood through the arteries and veins. Some of the symptoms of low blood pressure include light-headedness, dizziness, and fainting if not enough blood is getting to the brain. Diseases and medications can also cause low blood pressure. When the flow of blood is too low to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to vital organs such as the brain, heart, and kidneys; the organs do not function normally and may be permanently damaged.

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  What Does it Mean When the Diastolic Number is High?

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  Preeclampsia (Pregnancy Induced Hypertension)

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Treatment & Diagnosis

Medications & Supplements

• ACE Inhibitors (Side Effects, List of Names, Uses, and Dosage)
• Beta Blockers (Drug Class, List of Brand and Generic Names)
• Beta Blockers vs. Calcium Channel Blockers
• furosemide (Lasix)
• Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
• Metoprolol vs. propranolol
• lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil, Qbrelis) ACE Inhibitor
• Thiazides (Diuretics)
• Metoprolol vs. losartan
• labetalol, Normodyne, Trandate
• Beta Blockers vs. ARBs
• hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide, Hydrodiuril)
• Lasix (furosemide) vs. hydrochlorothiazide
• Metoprolol vs. diltiazem
• clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS)
• Calcium Channel Blockers vs. ACE Inhibitors
• carvedilol (Coreg)
• metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
• hydralazine (Apresoline)
• losartan (Cozaar)
• atenolol, Tenormin
• amlodipine (Norvasc)
• prazosin (Minipress)
• Lasix (furosemide) vs. thiazide diuretics
• Metoprolol vs. labetalol
• propranolol, Inderal, Inderal LA, Innopran XL
• triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide
• valsartan, Diovan
• diltiazem (Cardizem, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA, Tiazac, Cartia XT, Diltzac, Dilt-CD, and several oth)
• candesartan cilexetil, Atacand
• Lasix (furosemide) vs. Demadex (torsemide)
• captopril (Capoten)
• Metoprolol vs. clonidine
• irbesartan (Avapro)
• Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) vs. hydralazine (Apresoline)
• telmisartan, Micardis
• nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat, Afeditab)
• Metoprolol vs. atenolol
• Lasix (furosemide) vs. Zaroxolyn (metolazone)
• hydralazine (Apresoline) vs. clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay)
• Side Effects of Cozaar (losartan)
• terazosin (Hytrin)
• bisoprolol (Zebeta)
• enalapril (Vasotec, Epaned)
• ramipril (Altace)
• Side Effects of Coreg (carvedilol)
• benazepril (Lotensin HTC)
• nadolol (Corgard)
• Indapamide vs. thiazide diuretics
• valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (Diovan HCT)
• timolol ophthalmic solution (Timoptic)
• Sectral (acebutolol)
• quinapril (Accupril)
• felodipine (Plendil)
• amlodipine and valsartan (Exforge)
• metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
• Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
• verapamil (Calan, Verelan, Verelan PM [Discontinued: Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Covera-HS])
• amlodipine/atorvastatin - oral, Caduet
• Lotrel (amlodipine and benazepril)
• nicardipine, Cardene, Cardene SR
• trandolapril (Mavik)
• Lasix (furosemide) vs. Edecrin (ethacrynic acid)
• Benicar (olmesartan medoxomil)
• Metolazone vs. thiazide diuretics
• nisoldipine (Sular)
• Side Effects of Capoten (captopril)
• Side Effects of Avapro (irbesartan)
• Side Effects of Atacand (candesartan)
• betaxolol, Kerlone (Discontinued Brand)
• Benicar HCT (olmesartan medoxomil-hydrochlorothiazide)
• Ziac (bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide) Side Effects, Warnings, and Drug Interactions
• Side Effects of Microzide (hydrochlorothiazide)
• Side Effects of Vasotec (enalapril)
• Letairis (ambrisentan)
• Lumason (sulfur hexafluoride lipid-type A microspheres)
• Side Effects of Vaseretic (enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide)
• Side Effects of Capozide (captopril and hydrochlorothiazide/HCTZ)
• Tekturna HCT (hydrochlorothiazide and aliskiren)
• Diovan HCT (valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide) Side Effects, Warnings, and Drug Interactions
• Consensi (amlodipine and celecoxib)

Prevention & Wellness

• Hospitalizations for Spikes in Blood Pressure Are on the Rise
• High Blood Pressure: Which Drug Works Best?
• Can Blood Pressure Meds Protect Against Dementia?
• Mom's Blood Pressure in Pregnancy Could Affect Child's Stroke Risk Decades Later
• New Advice for Blood Pressure That's a Bit Too High
• Two Is Not Better Than One When It Comes to Blood Thinners
• Could Widely Used Blood Pressure Meds Raise Skin Cancer Risk?
• Some Blood Pressure Meds Raise Heart Risks in People With HIV
• Do Blood Pressure Meds Up Risk for COVID Patients?
• How to Keep High Blood Pressure at Bay
• Keep High Blood Pressure at Bay With Healthy Lifestyle
• Is There a Link Between Blood Pressure Meds and Cancer?
• Blood Pressure Meds Don't Raise Risk of Depression
• Nearly a Third of Young Black Americans Have High Blood Pressure
• Common Blood Pressure Meds May Lower Colon Cancer Risk
• Blood Pressure Meds Help the Frail Elderly Live Longer
• Up Your Steps to Lower Blood Pressure, Heart Study Suggests
• Heart Drug Combos Might Also Lower Your Dementia Risk: Study
• Helping Seniors Manage Meds After Hospital Reduces Readmission: Study
• At High Risk for Heart Disease? Strict Blood Pressure Control Should Help
• AHA News: These Stroke Survivors May Not Be Prescribed Enough Blood Pressure Meds
• Your Best Bet Against Heart Attack, Stroke? Lower Blood Pressure
• Recommended Diuretic Drug Tied to Harmful Side Effects
• Healthy Habits Can Slide After Starting Heart Medications
• Health Tip: How to Remember to Take Your Medications
• Taking Several Prescription Drugs May Trigger Serious Side Effects
• Recalls of Blood Pressure Med Took Toll on Patients' Health
• AHA News: High Blood Pressure, Unhealthy Diets in Women of Childbearing Age
• Want Extra Years of Life? Keep Blood Pressure Tightly Controlled
• Most Widely Prescribed Blood Pressure Med Might Not Be Best Option: Study
• Bedtime May Be Best Time for Blood Pressure Meds
• Certain Blood Pressure Meds Tied to Suicide Risk in Study
• When Meds Are Free, Patients Take Them More Often
• What Are the Risks of Pain Relief Alternatives to Opioids?
• Running the Numbers on High Blood Pressure
• More Blood Pressure Drugs Recalled
• Aggressive Blood Pressure Treatment Does Not Put Seniors at Risk: Study
• Even Small Improvements in Cholesterol, Blood Pressure Help Prevent Heart Attack
• Health Tip: Controlling Your Blood Pressure
• Just One Pill for All Your Heart Health Needs? It's On the Way
• Upping Seniors' Blood Pressure Meds After Hospital Can Sometimes Bring Danger
• More Than Half of Younger Patients Skip or Quit Blood Pressure Meds
• Trying to Avoid a Second Stroke? Blood Pressure Control Is Key
• Exercising When You Have High Blood Pressure
• Air Pollution Bad News for Your Blood Pressure
• Common Blood Pressure Med Might Help Fight Alzheimer's
• Rising Rx Drug Costs Continue to Create Tough Choices for Seniors
• Americans' Prescription Med Use Is Declining
• AHA News: Study Backs Lower Blood Pressure Target for People With Diabetes
• FDA Says Patients Can Take Tainted Blood Pressure Meds Until Shortages End
• FDA OKs Blood Pressure Drug to Ease Shortage Due to Recalls
• Making Sense of the Recent Blood Pressure Drug Recalls
• Even Older Drugs Are Getting Steep Price Hikes, Study Finds
• More Blood Pressure Meds Recalled Due to Carcinogen
• Two More Blood Pressure Drugs Recalled
• Second High Blood Pressure Drug Recalled Due to Contamination
• Measure Your Blood Pressure at Home? New Guidelines Set Healthy Readings
• Lung Cancer Risk Tied to Common Blood Pressure Drug
• Are Generics as Good as Brand-Name Drugs?
• Trump to Sign Bills Lifting Drug Price 'Gag Orders' on Pharmacists
• FDA Finds Another Carcinogen in Certain Valsartan Heart Meds
• No Short-Term Cancer Risk From Recalled Heart Med Valsartan: Study
• Hospitals May Overprescribe Blood Pressure Meds, Study Finds
• IVF May Put Children at Risk for High Blood Pressure
• Label Mix-up Spurs Recall of Accord Blood Pressure Meds
• Health Tip: Grapefruit May Interact With Medication
• New Triple-Combo Pill Controls Blood Pressure, Study Finds
• Affected by the Valsartan Heart Drug Recall? Here's What to Do
• High Blood Pressure Threatens Aging Brain, Study Says
• Enlist a Pharmacist to Help Manage High Blood Pressure
• High Blood Pressure Can Really Up Your Medical Costs
• New Guidelines Mean 1 in 3 Adults May Need Blood Pressure Meds
• 7 Mistakes That Can Boost Your Blood Pressure Reading
• Some Blood Pressure Meds Tied to Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Women
• Control Blood Pressure to Keep Dementia at Bay: Study
• Exercise for High Blood Pressure? Most Not Keen on Idea
• Well-Done Meat May Not Be Good for Your Blood Pressure
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• Dietary Mineral Could Be One Key to Blood Pressure Control
• Newer Blood Pressure Drugs as Good as Older Ones: Study
• Heart Valve Patients Who Manage Their Own Blood Thinners May Do Better
• Resuming Blood Pressure Meds After Surgery Linked to Better Outcomes
• Blood Pressure Vaccine Shows Promise in Rats
• Kidney Disease Can Pose Problems During Pregnancy, Study Warns
• Health Tip: Understanding Low Blood Pressure
• Kidney Disease Treatment May Be Improving, Study Suggests
• Text Messages Remind People to Take Medications
• Stroke Prevention Guidelines Emphasize Healthy Lifestyle
• Hormone Therapy May Up Heart-Related Deaths in Some Prostate Cancer Patients
• Home Blood Pressure Monitors May Occasionally Miss the Mark
• Health Tip: Change Your Diet to Help Lower Blood Pressure
• Regular Doctor Visits Help Control Blood Pressure, Study Says
• High Blood Pressure May Sometimes Be Overtreated: Study
• Blood Pressure Drugs Help Keep Heart Trouble at Bay: FDA
• Green Tea May Interfere With a Blood Pressure Medicine
• What Yoga Can and Can't Do for You
• Too Few Americans Aware of Their High Blood Pressure: Study
• High Blood Pressure, Steroids May Worsen Lupus
• More Follow-Up Needed for Kids With High Blood Pressure Reading
• Pharmacist-Guided Home Blood Pressure Monitoring May Help Patients
• New Diabetes Guidelines May Lower Patient Medical Bills
• Heart Deaths Spike in Winter -- Despite Temperature
• Is High Blood Pressure Linked to Birth Defects?
• Diabetics Less Prone Now to End-Stage Kidney Disease

Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration

You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

References

FDA Prescribing Information.

Source: https://www.medicinenet.com/high_blood_pressure_medication/article.htm

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